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Chip words A–Z

Every chip and semiconductor word from our news stories, explained in simple English. New words are added with every story.

79 words

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2nm
A name for a very advanced chip-making generation. Smaller means more transistors in the same space.Seen in: HCLTech opens two chip centres in Bengaluru and Hubballi for Rapidus
3D heterogeneous integration
Stacking and joining different chips into one module.Seen in: Odisha has five chip projects worth over $4 billion
5G
The fifth generation of mobile networks, much faster than 4G.Seen in: Qualcomm has about 19,000 engineers in India

A

Acquisition
When one company buys another.Seen in: Bengaluru chip firm Tessolve raises $75 million
AI data centre
A building full of powerful computers that train and run AI models.Seen in: US chip stocks crash after AI spending fears
All-stock deal
Paying with the buyer's shares instead of cash.Seen in: Marvell to buy Lumentum in $115 billion AI deal
A*STAR
Singapore's Agency for Science, Technology and Research.Seen in: India may invite Taiwan and Singapore institutes to train chip engineers
ATE (automatic test equipment)
Machines that test chips quickly after they are made.Seen in: US chip-test maker Teradyne bets on India
Avionics
The electronics inside an aircraft.Seen in: Bengaluru firm makes Indian part for military aircraft

B

BIEC
Bangalore International Exhibition Centre, a big venue on Tumakuru Road.Seen in: Bengaluru Tech Summit 2026 on 17–19 Nov has a chip track

C

Centre
The Union (central) government in New Delhi.Seen in: Telangana asks Centre to include it in Chip Mission 2.0
Centre of Excellence (CoE)
A special lab and training centre focused on one field.Seen in: IIT Guwahati and Tata Electronics to start chip packaging courses
Chip equipment
The machines used inside a chip factory to make and check chips.Seen in: 3,000 students compete in Lam Research's chip challenge
Chiplet
A small chip that is joined with others to build one big chip.Seen in: Chip group ISIG says India is next big place for packaging
Chip manufacturing
The steps of making chips in a factory (fab), from wafers to finished chips.Seen in: 3,000 students compete in Lam Research's chip challenge, Chip leaders say India needs more factory talent, not just design
Commercial production
Making products to sell, not just testing or building the plant.Seen in: 5 of India's 12 approved chip projects now in production
Compound semiconductor
A chip material made of two or more elements, like silicon carbide (SiC), instead of only silicon.Seen in: Odisha has five chip projects worth over $4 billion
Co-packaged optics
Placing optical (light) parts right next to the chip in one package to move data faster.Seen in: Global chip group ISIG to fund Indian chip start-ups
Critical minerals
Rare metals like lithium, gallium and germanium used in chips, batteries and electronics.Seen in: India and Poland talk chips, AI and minerals

D

Data centre
A large building full of computers that run cloud services and AI.Seen in: India and Poland talk chips, AI and minerals
Data-centre chips
Chips for servers that run cloud services and AI.Seen in: Qualcomm to start job cuts worldwide from November
Division
A separate business unit inside a big company.Seen in: Bosch to form a separate chip division, aims for €5 billion
DRDO
Defence Research and Development Organisation, India's defence research agency.Seen in: India sets goal to be a chip powerhouse by 2047

E

Ecosystem
All the companies, suppliers, colleges and services that work together in one industry.Seen in: Tamil Nadu launches its own semiconductor scheme
EDA
Electronic Design Automation, the software used to design and check chips.Seen in: Cadence asks India to build its own chip design software
Edge AI
Running AI directly on a device like a phone or glasses instead of in a data centre.Seen in: Qualcomm has about 19,000 engineers in India
Edge chip
A chip that does smart work inside a device, like a camera, instead of in a data centre.Seen in: India sets goal to be a chip powerhouse by 2047
Electronics park
An area with ready land and utilities for electronics companies.Seen in: Tamil Nadu launches its own semiconductor scheme
Electronics parts
Components like circuit boards, connectors and displays that go into electronic products.Seen in: Semicon 2.0 portal opens; 12 electronics parts projects cleared

F

Fab
A factory that makes chips on silicon wafers.Seen in: ASML starts work in India, will hire young engineers, Tata chairman: chip plants are a long-term bet on India, Tata's chip plant will need 450 suppliers, and is building a 363-acre park for them
Field engineer
An engineer who installs and repairs machines at the customer's site.Seen in: ASML starts work in India, will hire young engineers
Finalist
A team chosen to compete in the last round of a contest.Seen in: 3,000 students compete in Lam Research's chip challenge
Fraunhofer
A large German network of applied research institutes.Seen in: India may invite Taiwan and Singapore institutes to train chip engineers
FTA (free trade agreement)
A deal between countries to cut taxes and rules on trade with each other.Seen in: India and Poland talk chips, AI and minerals

H

Hands-on training
Learning by doing real work on tools and machines, not only theory.Seen in: India plans to train 1 lakh chip engineers in six years

I

Investment proposal
A company's plan to invest; it becomes real only when they build.Seen in: Madhya Pradesh chip summit brings ₹15,425 crore proposals, 14,000+ jobs
Investor
A person or fund that buys company shares hoping their value will grow.Seen in: US chip stocks crash after AI spending fears
IP
A ready-made chip design block that a company owns and can sell or reuse.Seen in: India clears ₹1.25 lakh crore for Chip Mission 2.0
ISIG
International Semiconductor Industry Group, a global chip industry body.Seen in: Chip leaders say India needs more factory talent, not just design
ISM 2.0
The second phase of the India Semiconductor Mission, with a ₹1.25 lakh crore budget.Seen in: Telangana asks Centre to include it in Chip Mission 2.0
ISM (India Semiconductor Mission)
The government programme that supports chip plants and design in India.Seen in: 5 of India's 12 approved chip projects now in production, India clears ₹1.25 lakh crore for Chip Mission 2.0
ITRI
Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan's big public research body that helped start its chip industry.Seen in: India may invite Taiwan and Singapore institutes to train chip engineers

L

Land letter
A letter from the state allotting land to a company for its plant.Seen in: Madhya Pradesh chip summit brings ₹15,425 crore proposals, 14,000+ jobs
Layoff / job cut
When a company ends some jobs to reduce cost or change direction.Seen in: Qualcomm to start job cuts worldwide from November
Layout
The exact drawing of a chip's shapes, layer by layer.Seen in: HCLTech opens two chip centres in Bengaluru and Hubballi for Rapidus
Lithography
Printing circuit patterns onto a silicon wafer using light.Seen in: ASML starts work in India, will hire young engineers

M

Making chips for other companies
Building chips designed by another company in your own factory (foundry work).Seen in: Bosch to form a separate chip division, aims for €5 billion
Materials science
The study of materials like silicon, metals and chemicals used to build chips.Seen in: Chip leaders say India needs more factory talent, not just design
MeitY
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.Seen in: Global chip leaders meet in New Delhi on 3–4 November
Mission 2.0
The second phase of the India Semiconductor Mission.Seen in: India plans to train 1 lakh chip engineers in six years
Modem
The chip part that connects a phone to the mobile network.Seen in: Qualcomm has about 19,000 engineers in India
MoU
An agreement to work together.Seen in: IIT Guwahati and Tata Electronics to start chip packaging courses
MPW (multi-project wafer)
Several designs share one wafer to save money.Seen in: What is tape-out? The big day in a chip's life

O

Sending data as light through fibre instead of electricity through wires.Seen in: Marvell to buy Lumentum in $115 billion AI deal
OSAT (chip assembly and test)
A company that assembles, packages and tests chips for others.Seen in: US chip-test maker Teradyne bets on India, Tata chairman: chip plants are a long-term bet on India, Chip group ISIG says India is next big place for packaging
Outlay
The total money the government plans to spend.Seen in: India clears ₹1.25 lakh crore for Chip Mission 2.0

P

Packaging
Putting a bare chip into a protective case and connecting it to the outside world.Seen in: Global chip leaders meet in New Delhi on 3–4 November, Odisha has five chip projects worth over $4 billion
PDK (process design kit)
Files and rules from a factory that tell designers how to draw chips it can make.Seen in: HCLTech opens two chip centres in Bengaluru and Hubballi for Rapidus
Photomask
A stencil used to print one layer of a chip.Seen in: What is tape-out? The big day in a chip's life
Pitch
How much an aircraft's nose points up or down.Seen in: Bengaluru firm makes Indian part for military aircraft
Plug-and-play
Ready to use; a company can move in and start quickly.Seen in: Tata's chip plant will need 450 suppliers, and is building a 363-acre park for them
Portal
A website where companies can fill in and send their applications.Seen in: Semicon 2.0 portal opens; 12 electronics parts projects cleared
Power chip
A chip that controls and converts electricity, for example in motors and chargers.Seen in: Bosch to form a separate chip division, aims for €5 billion
Product engineer
An engineer who makes sure a chip works well and can be made in large numbers.Seen in: US chip-test maker Teradyne bets on India
PSMC
Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, a Taiwanese chipmaker and Tata's partner.Seen in: Tata chairman: chip plants are a long-term bet on India

Q

Qualified
Tested and approved to meet a required standard.Seen in: Bengaluru firm makes Indian part for military aircraft

R

Respin
Fixing the design and taping out again.Seen in: What is tape-out? The big day in a chip's life

S

Self-reliant (Atmanirbhar)
Able to do something without depending on other countries.Seen in: India sets goal to be a chip powerhouse by 2047
Semicon 2.0
The second phase of India's chip programme, with support for fabs, packaging, machines and materials.Seen in: Semicon 2.0 portal opens; 12 electronics parts projects cleared
SerDes
A circuit that sends data very fast over a few wires.Seen in: Marvell to buy Lumentum in $115 billion AI deal
Share index
A number that tracks the share prices of a group of companies together.Seen in: US chip stocks crash after AI spending fears
SiC / GaN
Silicon carbide and gallium nitride, materials for chips that handle high power and heat.Seen in: Global chip leaders meet in New Delhi on 3–4 November
Sign-off
The final checks before a chip design is sent for making.Seen in: Cadence asks India to build its own chip design software, What is tape-out? The big day in a chip's life
Silicon photonics
Using light on silicon chips to send data.Seen in: Global chip group ISIG to fund Indian chip start-ups
Supply chain
All the companies that provide materials, machines and services to make a product.Seen in: 5 of India's 12 approved chip projects now in production

T

Track
A set of talks on one topic at a big event.Seen in: Bengaluru Tech Summit 2026 on 17–19 Nov has a chip track

V

Validation
Checking a real chip works correctly in real conditions.Seen in: Bengaluru chip firm Tessolve raises $75 million
Vendor park
An area with ready land and utilities where suppliers set up near a big plant.Seen in: Tata's chip plant will need 450 suppliers, and is building a 363-acre park for them
Venture fund
An investor that puts money into young companies for a share of them.Seen in: Global chip group ISIG to fund Indian chip start-ups

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